The Mystery of College Paper Buy That No One Is Discussing

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Economic, Social, and Political Causes of the Mexican...

History of the Americas The Economic, Social, and Political causes of The Mexican Revolution 1840-1910 The Mexican Revolution is one of the most significant historical events in Mexican history. Without the revolution Mexico would not be the democratic country that it is today. â€Å"The Mexican Revolution is often seen as a standard bearer through which other subsequent Latin American revolutions are interpreted.†(Darity) There were several significant events spanning several years that led up to the unrest of the Mexican people resulting in a revolution. For example, the Mexican-American War, and The Reform War which was also a civil war really gave way to the people standing up for what they believed in and revolting. More†¦show more content†¦The Reform War was a civil war between the Mexican people, the conservatives vs. the liberals. With the unhappy reaction of the liberals chaos broke out and Comonfort resigned and Benito Juarez became president. â€Å"Comonfort died in an ambush in 1863†(Biography in context) With Juarez President the Reform War ended. The liberals considered this a political victory over the conservatives, having one of their own in office. â€Å"Juarez would free Mexico from the most flagrant remnants of neocolonialism.†(Scholes) After the Liberals defeated the conservatives, President Juarez had more to worry about. Some European countries were very upset with Mexico and their unpaid debt with them. They sent troops to Mexico but, they all withdrew themselves when they saw that French dictator Napoleon was planning to overthrow Juarez’s government. The overthrow of the Juarez government started the French Intervention in Mexico in 1862. With the help of the United states Juarez managed to gain back control, he became a hero in the eyes of most liberal Mexican’s for not backing down and running out the French. Shortly after Juarez Porfirio Diaz stepped into the presidency, no one knowing that he was going to be stepping into neither the presidency for 31 years nor that those 31 years wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of The Mexican Revolution1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe Causes of the Mexican Revolution â€Å"Democracy is the destiny of mankind; freedom its indestructible arm† –Benito Juarez Mexico was building up to its revolution long before activists like Francisco Madero and Emiliano Zapata. From 1840 to 1910; Mexico went from a war-torn and newly freed nation to a nation on the brink of civil war. How did it get there? Through a series of wars, leaders, and policies, which proved causation politically, socially, and economically to the Mexican Revolution. TheRead MoreEssay On The Causes Of The French And American Revolution1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe American, French, Haitian, and Mexican revolutions are epitomes of responsible citizens advocating for social and political upheaval in hopes of saving and furthering their states. These revolutions, more than others, exemplify nations that rebelled against governments which maliciously abused their power. The American Revolution focused on achieving independence from Britain, as Britain abused their power by unfairly taxing colonists. The Mexican Revolution concentrated on eliminating dictatorshipRead MoreThe Mexican Revolution Research Assignment1592 Words   |  7 Pages The Mexican Revolution Research Assignment The Mexican revolution was a long and costly battle among several factions for agrarian reforms that ultimately radically transformed Mexican politics and society. 1) Choose one of the wars and explain what type of war it was and why it is categorised as such? (10 marks) The Mexican Revolution can be categorised into two main types of war, revolutionary and civil. Initially, the revolution began as a movement of middle-class protest against the 35-yearRead MoreSocial, Political, And Economical Cause Of The Mexican Revolution1695 Words   |  7 PagesSocial, Political, and Economical Causes of the Mexican Revolution There were an abundance of social, political, and economical factors that led to the Mexican Revolution. Socially, there was a great displacement in the treatment between the elite and rich classes and the poor classes. Politically, what once started out as a Republic, after they had won their independence, had transitioned into a tyrannical dictatorship. Economically, Mexico was over dependent on loans from foreign nationsRead MoreThe Mexican Revolution Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution was the culmination of a mass of political, economic, and social tension that accompanied the regime of the dictator Porfirio Diaz. The Revolution began with the aims to overthrow Diaz, but the Revolution had a pronounced effect on the organization of Mexicos government, economy, and society. Porfirio Diaz was the president of Mexico when the Revolution broke out. He was elected in 1877, and although he swore to step down in 1880, he continuedRead MoreMexican Revolution1018 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 1: Major Causes of the revolution in Mexico. Based on John Tutino, From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico The Mexican Revolution (1910-1917) was caused by a variety of factors. It is impossible to place the blame on one single event or person because of the complexity of the Mexican people. One thing is for sure, if people are deprived of food and water, they will find a way to obtain enough to survive. History proves that in desperate times people will take matters into theirRead MoreMexico Post Colonial1566 Words   |  7 Pagesclassification of the revolution arise from the numerous factions and ideological assumptions advocated for the overthrow of Diaz’s rule, hence one can argue that it was a political, social, or economical revolution. A social revolution advocates a complete transformation of all characteristic aspects of society, encompassing the political structure, economically distribution, and social hierarchy. These men set forth some major objectives to revive Mexico that led to the Mexico Revolution of 1910-1916 andRead MorePolitical Causes Of The Democratic Re volution1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe most important causes of the Democratic Revolution of the 1770s through the 1810s was political because citizens had no political power or say in the government and economic because many people had to pay unwanted tax payments. One of the most important causes of the Democratic Revolutions was political because many citizens didn’t have equality so they were asking for more political rights. In document number two, by the National Assembly of France, who represented the third estate. This documentRead MoreAnalysis Of John Womacks Zapata And The Mexican Revolution1329 Words   |  6 Pages The Mexican Revolution brought multiple parties and movements out of the woodwork. In John Womack’s Zapata and the Mexican Revolution, a story of one state’s drive for agrarian reform and its people’s evolving mission was told, with Emiliano Zapata as a pivotal leader. The dynamics of the revolution, however, reach deeper than Womack’s account portrays. While Womack documents the revolutionary path of the Zapatistas from the southern state of Morelos, the story of Pancho Villa, an arguably parallelRead MoreTheu.s. Mariano Azuela s The Underdogs ( Los De Abajo )1320 Words   |  6 Page s Mexicans opened the twentieth century with the most drastic action that citizens can take against their government: revolution. The open rebellion against the military dictator Porfirio Dà ­az began in 1910 and led to ten years of violent and destructive warfare within Mexico. When the fighting finally ended, many Mexicans were disillusioned about the revolution as the small political and economic changes that were finally implemented was not worth the senseless violence that wracked Mexico. Mariano

Carlsbergs Strategic Analysis free essay sample

We have used tools for both, internal and external analysis putting more emphasize on the external section in order to answer our research question handling about the decrease of the beer consumption and the strategic actions the company undertakes to regain the consumers popularity. The project covers PEST, Porter’s 5 Forces, Financial analysis, BCG Matrix analysis and other tools and models which have successfully given answer to our sub questions, regarding the current market situation in the brewery industry, analyzing the buyer behavior and so forth. The SWOT /TOWs analysis has also been performed giving rather an interesting view of the company’s competitive qualities and the contrary. By this research we found out the cause of the downturn is rather a change in lifestyle as a primary cause and secondly the economic crisis, which has brought about abrupt increase in prices of not only wheat based beverages but the market in general. We will write a custom essay sample on Carlsbergs Strategic Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the appendix section the annual report of the brewery can be found, where the financial accountings of the year 2006-2010 are illustrated to get a clearer image of Carlsberg Group’s financial progress or regress. Introductory Chapter Motivation Since Carlsberg was initially produced in its Pilsner form in 1847, numerous changes have occurred in the company’s values, quality and certainly the variety of the beverages has increased dramatically. Carlsberg is in constant process of development, be it new, innovative products aiming upon diverse age groups or conquering a new market around the globe, while attempting to create unique products for each country and culture. According to up to date information Carlsberg has introduced around 307 different types of beers and other cereal-based beverages during its history. The brewery focuses upon innovation and development of new products that can be sold internationally. ’Copenhagen’ is the first example of a new beer brand that is spread out globally. It has been launched in May 2011 as soft beer, alternative to white wine and campaign gaining the consumers immediate admiration. The beer is so far available exclusively to the Danish market. Despite of the success Carlsberg has, consumer downturn and decrease of popularity are announced, the cause of which is basically the financial crisis. The consumers increasingly choose wine and hard liquor over beer, due to the high prices of the beer in relation with the earlier mentioned beverages. The reason is that Carlsberg has increased its product price by far 30% in less than three years period. Analyzing the internal and mainly external structures of Carlsberg, achievement of keys to understanding the company’s development, success and objectives are being expected and most importantly related to current situation and obstacles the company faces. Research question The objective of our project is to answer the research question, which is- How does the decrease of beer consumption affect Carlsberg company and what strategic actions are undertaken to secure the companys market position? Sub questions * What are Carlsberg’s vision, mission and objectives and how do they reflect the company’s position on the market? * What is the organisational situation at Carlsberg Company and how does it affect company’s wellness? * What value- generating activities does Carlsberg take to create a competitive advantage of the company and develop shareholders value? What is the financial situation at the Carlsberg Company? How is Copenhagen beer, as a part of light drinks SBU, performing on the market? * What strategic plan is Carlsberg implementing to reduce the decrease in beer consumption? * What is the current situation at brewery industry? * What are the potential competitors of Carlsberg and how do they influence decision- making in strategic planning? * What are the most significant factors influencing consumer’s behaviour while choosing beer? * How do the macro-environmental factors influence Copenhagen beer consumption and how do they affect the whole company? Interpretation Carlsberg is a Danish brewery company, that was founded in 1847 possessing success and popularity in Danish and international market. Strategic actions are actions that were undertaken by Carlsberg Group towards achieving the intended objectives. Market position is rationally defined place of the company compared to the competitors of this company that have a similar or can substitute the product we are looking at in this project. Value-generating activities are such activities that bring value to the shareholders, help Carlsberg Company to develop competitive advantage and are defined in the value chain analysis. Competitive advantage is the advantage that Carlsberg has over other competing parties in brewery industry and on Danish market. Macro-environmental factors are external factors close to business that can have direct impact on its strategy. Those are: customers, employees, suppliers, shareholders, media and competitors. Delimitation Our project work is focused on external and internal analysis of the Carlsberg Company. The external analysis is meant to cover seventy percent of the work putting less emphasizes on the internal analysis. As well as we will be discussing the position of Carlsberg mostly on the Danish market, but we cannot avoid looking on other markets for comparing company’s performance as Carlsberg Group is an international company. In our BCG matrix we will look to 3 SBU’s that we think are the most important in Carlsberg Company. We are not using all theories and models that we have learned during this semester as long as not all of them are connected to our research and sub questions and would have given us unnecessary information. Method Theories and models used in the project * Vision, Mission and Objectives With the help of these values, we will find out who is Carlsberg Group. Mission defines what the company is going to do for its customers and why. Vision shows us where the company wants to be in the future and objectives are goals that Carlsberg has to be act successfully with their mission. These things will help us to understand what the motivation of the company is and what is vital for them. * Organisational Structure We will look into organisational structure of Carlsberg Group to see how things are organized within the company and how it helps the company to be doing so well on the market. * Value Chain Analysis We are using Value Chain Analysis to identify value- generating activities within the company. We are going to take a closer look on how this value is created through analysing primary and secondary activities that are taken during the whole process of bringing the product to the end customer and find the core competences of Carlsberg Group. * Financial Analysis From Annual reports of 2008- 2010 of the company we will calculate the most important financial ratios and make a conclusion on how Carlsberg is reacting to decrease in beer consumption and what is the whole financial situation in the company. * SBU Portfolio Analysis Through this analysis we will see the internal relationship between different product groups that Carlsberg has introduced to the market. The BCG matrix will show us the interaction between the light drinks that are competing in our industry and the Danish market. * Porter’s 5 Forces This analysis will let us have an understanding of the situation in the brewery industry. We will look at five competitive forces that shape the industry and the market in strategic processes. According to this analysis it is easier to decide how to make an influence or to use particular characteristics of brewery industry. * PEST Analysis With this analysis we are going to identify what impacts have macro- environmental factors on the Carlsberg Company. These factors are of a very high importance because they are vital for knowing the potential and direction for the company. Competitor Analysis The main aim of this analysis is to identify the competitors of Carlsberg Company and to know the probable actions that will undertake the competitors under the influence of changes in the industry and broader environmental shifts that might happen. * Buying Behaviour Analysis This analysis will explain us what factors have an impact on making the decision by consumers while choosing which be er to select. It is very hard to fulfill consumer’s need without knowing such important things. * SWOT and TOWS Analyses We will use SWOT analysis for auditing Carlsberg Company and its environment. It will help us to clarify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company. TOWS analysis is used to make strategic plans for the future performance on the market. Data collection In this project we are using mainly desk research for the collection of secondary data. The main source we are using is Carlsberg Group’s web page. It has a lot of useful information for our research. Moreover we are reflecting to all suitable information that we can find on the internet. We are also using databases, such as euromonitor, that are available through our library to collect more statistical information about the brewery industry and the Danish market. Structure of report First of all we are going to make a presentation of our chosen company, which is Carlsberg Group, by using the information we have found on their website. We will go through vision, mission and goals of the company and proceed with the organisational structure of the company. Then we are going to use the models stated in paragraph 1. 5. 1 so that these models help us to answer our sub questions. We will describe value- generating activities using value chain analysis and define group’s core competences. We will take closer look to the financial statement of the company and use a BCG matrix for 3 different SBU’s that we have selected. In the next part of the project we are going to analyse external environment of Carlsberg Company. Therefore we are going to use Porter’s 5 Forces and PEST to take a notice of the whole brewery industry first. Then we will discuss the product, and it is Copenhagen Beer, through which we are analysing the company. Hereafter we will use buying behaviour analysis and competitor analysis to know what influence decisions of consumers and what competitors does Carlsberg have. We will finish our research with SWOT/TOWS analysis and end up with discussing the perspectives. Criticism of sources It is important to remember that not all sources that we are using can be totally reliable. The data we collected through the web page of Carlsberg Company may be a bit bias, because it is aimed on the attraction of customers and investors. From this information we can mostly see strong aspects in company’s operations and almost no weaknesses. Internal Analysis Company Introduction Carlsberg is a well-known brewery company, the history of which dates as far back as 1847, when J. C. Jacobsen named it after his only son, Carl. The brewery has about 500 beers in 80 breweries worldwide. It is introduced to people by its Carlsberg, Tuborg and Baltika brands, which enjoy popular all around the globe, making the brewery the market leader in Denmark, Russia, and 4th most successful brewery in the world scale. Around 45. 000 people are employed by the company inside and beyond the Danish borders. The activities of Carlsberg are however not limited by producing wheat based beverages. The company is consecutively offering sponsorship programs in two forms, Carlsberg Brewery (commercial campaigns) and Carlsberg Foundation (suggesting contribution to arts and sciences). Carlsberg’s Tuborg brand/logo is also often seen on different events, mainly musical. It is the official supplier of Roskilde festival, Gron koncert and so forth. As well as it possesses the J-day ‘julebryg’ product, which is Denmark’s forth best-selling beer, despite of the fact that it annually appears only six months in the market. Carlsberg is intensively concerned about the environment. The statement is indeed proven by the Environmental Report of the company being realized every other year, to ensure that environmentally-friendly; safety standards are established and maintained, particularly in regards of water and energy consumption. The brewery follows a relevant environmental policy consisting of seven core goals ascertaining the environmental wellbeing. The company has various interactive services designed to satisfy the customer needs. Nowadays, it is possible to order beverages on their homepage by slightly higher prices. Innovation has become a second culture to Carlsberg, by  usage of which new markets are targeted to be conquered to increase the downturn of the revenue suffered by the economic crisis factor. Carlsberg’s Vision and Objectives It shows the fundamental purpose of the company’s existence. So they have to define it accurately. Mission is created by the company’s uniqueness. Carlsberg Denmark’s mission is to create valuable experiences for customers and consumers. It wants to be the fastest growing global beer company. There are countries where Carlsberg has no breweries, but it sells their products by exports. Its portfolio contains more than 500 brands so they want to satisfy as much people as they can with this wild range of products and variety tastes. The group creates unique products for the different countries and cultures. That is why it took Copenhagen to the Danish market. Carlsberg’s vision Vision is company’s dreaming perspective. It is about the future and it can be a little fluffy. It is a picture from the company in the future. Carlsberg Denmark’s vision is to be commercial in what they do! Carlsberg is the fourth largest brewery group in the world and it wants to secure its leading positions in the countries. They achieve it by the big variety of brands. The company employs a lots of people (approximately 41. 000) so it gives a lots of job opportunities in the countries and they would like to hold this situation furthermore. Carlsberg’s objectives Objectives are the targets towards which management is directed regarding how to achieve the objectives. In this case the main objective is to lead the industry in profitability and growth. They want to innovate and improve continuously. Conclusion From the Group’s vision and objectives we can clearly see that it has concrete purposes, like hold their position on the market, satisfy customers need with the wild range of product and good quality, create and maintain job opportunities, be the fastest growing company in the brewery industry. Organizational Structure As the world’s fourth largest brewery group, Carlsberg Group employed over 41,000 people and  is characterized by a wide range of diversity between  brands and  cultures. In the  Beverages  industry, there are 2,265 workers in 172 companies located in 44 countries, while 1293 executive movements have been recorded in the last 12 Carlsberg managers have understood the increased competition in their different markets groups combined with growing competitive pressure and, because of that started to force the organization to be more agile, or as their motto states: â€Å"smarter, faster and leaner. † New Organization structure A change to standardize the organization and create a common structure is needed, but in order to form principle, rules and training of the new employees would not only be expensive considering the size of the company, but the challenges the company face would also have to be quite large to start such a program with the current culture. In order to improve growth and efficiency by exchanging experience and key factors for developing across Europe, Carlsberg has established a new organizational structure for the companies around the map. A good plan was implemented in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria with the new organization structure called Carlsberg South East Europe presided by Isaac Sheps, who was named the CEO of the region. The Supervisory and the Executive Board The management of the company is split into two main sections, the supervisory and the executive board, each of them having a definite role in leading the company and achieving greater results through communication, interaction and planning. The board ensure that Carlsberg management structure and control programs are in touch with the market, fully understood and work as intended. They offer an excellent stratification and overall performance, but, since the foundation and board controls 73% of the voting power it is impossible to gain company full control. the Supervisory Board It is in touch with the CEO and other managers from the Executive Board. The Board of Directors has the duty to assure proper management of the company Performs the supervision of the Executive Board Constitution: 12 members in total from which 8 are to be voted for each year`s main meeting.

The Gothic sub

The Gothic sub-cultures Essay Thesis Shaking off the parental dependency of childhood, but not yet indoctrinated into the responsibilities and corporate pigeonholing of the workplace, youths are forced to spend more time developing and displaying their identity. Adolescence is hailed as a time in which youths can find themselves. The halfway house of being a child and being an adult can produce hostility and anxiousness about a hostile world, in which they are at the bottom of the food chain. We will write a custom essay on The Gothic sub-cultures Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Tribalism thus becomes a tool of survival, as youths look for support in a world they dont quite understand or hold power in. The authority and class structure imposed upon teenagers is intrinsic in this scenario, as the dominant authorities (parents, teachers or police) are often seen by youths as the enemy, consistently trying to oppress the rebellious youth and impose their class structures. As a youth feels disempowered by system, they will break away and create a new class system, through which they are empowered. Parents, reminiscent of their childs innocence and aware of the dangers their child will face in a hostile world will often, quite understandably, try to protect their child. As the adolescent grows and the rules that once kept them disciplined as children begin to have less authority, a sense of curiosity and the search for acceptance and identity often overrides the rules that their parents try to enforce. Often a communication breakdown between parents and children develops. Mis-comminication leads to mis-understranding and suspicion. Secrecy is natural tendency of teenagers, possibly a result of the constant assumption by older generations who adhere to a patriarchal system, that teenagers are not old enough to know best, and require direction and instruction from authoritative figures. Often, as I know from experience, deception is an easier way to gain freedom in ones activities, thus propagating a pattern of dishonesty and lack of trust between parent and child. Is is true, nonetheless, that many of the activities that youths of today partake in, such as drugs, unsafe sex, fighting and drink driving are dangerous and do warrant suspicion. Moral panic is often caused by popular media playing on stereotypes to create a sensational story and sell more papers. Due to poor media coverage in other instances, it arouses fear amongst the community due to ignorance. The fact remains, however, that teenagers need to experiment and explore. Humans learn from their mistakes and need life experience in order to grow. If the line of communication, respect and acceptance can be upheld between a parent and their child, unnecessary levels of ignorance and suspicion are lessened and the dangers involved in teenage pastimes reduced. Bibliography Beswick, J. 1993, Helter-Skelter, available: http://www. vamp. org/gothic/text/anthro. html Accessed 18/4/04 Bexton, W. 1995, Spatial Boundaries: Etiquette and interpersonal interaction at a Gothic club, http://www. vamp. org/gothic/text/anthropaper. html Accessed: 21/4/04. Finnriorden, M. 1995, A Historical Anthology about Punk Gothic Industrial and Dark Wave Music in Melbourne 1978 Present, Moonlight Publishing, Melbourne. Hebdidge, D. 1979, Subculture, the Meaning of Style. Excerpt as found in the course reader. Mark. T, 1999, A New Approach to Youth Subculture Theory, Available : http://www. sonlifeafrica. com/model/subcult3. htm Accessed 16/5/04. Robinson B. A. 2004, The Goth Culture: Its history, stereotypes, religious connections. Available: http://www. religioustolerance. org/goth. htm. Accessed: 29/5/04 Smith, A. P. 2003, Inside Look at Gothic for Outsiders, available: http://www. gothicsubculture. com. Accessed 16/5/04 Thompson D. and Greene J. 1994, Undead Undead Undead Alternative Press, available: http://www. darkwaver. com/subculture/articles/undead. php Accessed 18/4/04. I also used a friend of mine, Primrose Campbell, who was much more heavily into the Gothic sub-culture as a teenager as a source of information. NB I just wanted to note that, although factual and historical information and some other ideas were sourced from research, the majority of the information, references and speculation on both Gothic and youth sub-cultures, was sourced from personal experience. It wasnt that long ago that I was another one of those teenagers questioning identity and authority, looking for belonging and experimenting with different sub-cultures. .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 , .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 .postImageUrl , .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 , .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3:hover , .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3:visited , .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3:active { border:0!important; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3:active , .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3 .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8bd66da7efc75df6358307dc917a39e3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Facing Racism and Prejudice EssayI feel that this information and personal experience within the topic of discussion that I have chosen, is just as relevant as an academic opinion or the speculations of other people. i Smith, A. P. 9/28/03, http://www. gothicsubculture. com ii Thompson D. and Greene J. 1994, http://www. darkwaver. com/subculture/articles/undead. php iii Finnriorden, M. 1995. iv Robinson B. A. 2004, http://www. religioustolerance. org/goth. htm. v Robinson B. A. 2004, http://www. religioustolerance. org/goth. htm. The Gothic sub The Gothic sub-cultures Essay Paper The Gothic novel, first noticed in the first half of the 18th century, focussed heavily upon the questionable morality or rationality of the human mind. Authors such as Edger Allen Poe, Bram Stoker, Mary Shelley, Kafka and H. P. Lovecraft are still widely read, as are poets and philosophers such as Baudelaire, Byron, Shelley and Nietzsche. The two most prominent books of Gothic relevance were Bram Strokers Dracula (1897) and Mary Shellys Frankenstein (1818).v Gothic literature often focussed upon the morbid or the marginalised pockets of humans in sociality, often questioning the assumption of wisdom in society and mainstream culture. The Vampire of Dracula has been adopted as a cultural mascot and remains a much-imitated icon. Unsurprisingly, many Gothics like to think they share an understanding and affiliation with this character. Suspended in an existence between life and death, day and night and expelled to the margins of society for his morbid and perverse lifestyle, he thrives on an unsolicited substance. We will write a custom essay on The Gothic sub-cultures Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He is condemned him to seclusion by mainstream social values and norms. Gothic today is concerned with recognising beauty in what most of Western society fears. The horror images of Industrial wasteland and the Victorian Gothic novels, the music both evil and romantic, the use of religious and pagan imagery, all highlight the dichotomy of the enchanting and repulsive found in every facet of the Gothic culture. The strength of the Gothic subculture lies in the force of its rebellion against mainstream society, and it attracts those people who feel alienated by society, giving them an identity and sense of belonging. Most people in large societies want to feel as though the belong somewhere. This seems to be a natural human instinct. Just as tribes in remote regions of Outer Mongolia or Africa feel the need to group together, so do people from overpopulated cities. Subcultures often form when the cultural norm of the times exclude (and exclusion is an integral part of any form of inclusion) those who dont fit the standardised stereotype. Often the subculture will try to compensate for the failure of a larger culture to provide an adequate status, acceptance and identity. An argument that I feel would be viable in todays consumerists and capitalists society, is that many of the sub-cultures exhibited by youths of today exist purely in a representational or visual display. A short trip down memory lane reveals an indisputable need that past (and current) generations have had to oppose mainstream norms of an oppressive society, however I dont feel that such revolutionary sentiments can be attributed to the mass-produced teenage punk, Gothic or hippies that roam the streets today. While todays youth do submit themselves to certain sub-cultures, it often through the appropriation and bricolage of consumerist signs and symbols rather than a belief in the meaning behind themvi. One can now experiment with many different subcultures and look the part, as the search for identity and belonging becomes increasingly important to an adolescent in our image conscious society. Access to money and spare time are catalysts, as teenagers from Westernised cultures, not yet old enough for burdening responsibilities or concern about their future, can afford the luxury of self-analysis. The adolescent consumer is able to choose from a range of ready-made sub-cultures, ideologies and movements. From the local shopping mall they purchase the visual indicators. They click on the Internet for a brief overview of the history and meaning and voila, a more defining role and identity within teenage social structures. The popularity of sub-cultures in the teenage age bracket has been partly attributed to the structure of the education and labour systems that have produced a kind of extended limbo period between early school and childhood and adulthood and workvii. .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 , .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 .postImageUrl , .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 , .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588:hover , .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588:visited , .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588:active { border:0!important; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588:active , .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588 .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u977f0caf6f70d2e00f61cf5b8570e588:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Dead Sea Scrolls (1545 words) EssayShaking off the parental dependency of childhood, but not yet indoctrinated into the responsibilities and corporate pigeonholing of the workplace, youths are forced to spend more time developing and displaying their identity. Adolescence is hailed as a time in which youths can find themselves. The halfway house of being a child and being an adult can produce hostility and anxiousness about a hostile world, in which they are at the bottom of the food chain. Tribalism thus becomes a tool of survival, as youths look for support in a world they dont quite understand or hold power in. The authority and class structure imposed upon teenagers is intrinsic in this scenario, as the dominant authorities (parents, teachers or police) are often seen by youths as the enemy, consistently trying to oppress the rebellious youth and impose their class structures. As a youth feels disempowered by system, they will break away and create a new class system, through which they are empowered. Parents, reminiscent of their childs innocence and aware of the dangers their child will face in a hostile world will often, quite understandably, try to protect their child. As the adolescent grows and the rules that once kept them disciplined as children begin to have less authority, a sense of curiosity and the search for acceptance and identity often overrides the rules that their parents try to enforce. Often a communication breakdown between parents and children develops. Mis-comminication leads to mis-understranding and suspicion. Secrecy is natural tendency of teenagers, possibly a result of the constant assumption by older generations who adhere to a patriarchal system, that teenagers are not old enough to know best, and require direction and instruction from authoritative figures. Often, as I know from experience, deception is an easier way to gain freedom in ones activities, thus propagating a pattern of dishonesty and lack of trust between parent and child. Is is true, nonetheless, that many of the activities that youths of today partake in, such as drugs, unsafe sex, fighting and drink driving are dangerous and do warrant suspicion. Moral panic is often caused by popular media playing on stereotypes to create a sensational story and sell more papers. Due to poor media coverage in other instances, it arouses fear amongst the community due to ignorance. The fact remains, however, that teenagers need to experiment and explore. Humans learn from their mistakes and need life experience in order to grow. If the line of communication, respect and acceptance can be upheld between a parent and their child, unnecessary levels of ignorance and suspicion are lessened and the dangers involved in teenage pastimes reduced. Bibliography Beswick, J. 1993, Helter-Skelter, available: http://www. vamp. org/gothic/text/anthro. html Accessed 18/4/04 Bexton, W. 1995, Spatial Boundaries: Etiquette and interpersonal interaction at a Gothic club, http://www. vamp. org/gothic/text/anthropaper. html Accessed: 21/4/04. Finnriorden, M. 1995, A Historical Anthology about Punk Gothic Industrial and Dark Wave Music in Melbourne 1978 Present, Moonlight Publishing, Melbourne. Hebdidge, D. 1979, Subculture, the Meaning of Style. Excerpt as found in the course reader. Mark. T, 1999, A New Approach to Youth Subculture Theory, Available : http://www. sonlifeafrica. com/model/subcult3. htm Accessed 16/5/04. Robinson B. A. 2004, The Goth Culture: Its history, stereotypes, religious connections. Available: http://www. religioustolerance. org/goth. htm. Accessed: 29/5/04 Smith, A. P. 2003, Inside Look at Gothic for Outsiders, available: http://www. gothicsubculture. com. Accessed 16/5/04 Thompson D. and Greene J. 1994, Undead Undead Undead Alternative Press, available: http://www. darkwaver. com/subculture/articles/undead. php Accessed 18/4/04. I also used a friend of mine, Primrose Campbell, who was much more heavily into the Gothic sub-culture as a teenager as a source of information. NB I just wanted to note that, although factual and historical information and some other ideas were sourced from research, the majority of the information, references and speculation on both Gothic and youth sub-cultures, was sourced from personal experience. It wasnt that long ago that I was another one of those teenagers questioning identity and authority, looking for belonging and experimenting with different sub-cultures. .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 , .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 .postImageUrl , .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 , .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8:hover , .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8:visited , .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8:active { border:0!important; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8:active , .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8 .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud018e5fec569ada8cd054d2003a865d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My First Day in America EssayI feel that this information and personal experience within the topic of discussion that I have chosen, is just as relevant as an academic opinion or the speculations of other people. i Smith, A. P. 9/28/03, http://www. gothicsubculture. com ii Thompson D. and Greene J. 1994, http://www. darkwaver. com/subculture/articles/undead. php iii Finnriorden, M. 1995. iv Robinson B. A. 2004, http://www. religioustolerance. org/goth. htm. v Robinson B. A. 2004, http://www. religioustolerance. org/goth. htm. vi Hebdidge, D. 1979.

Individuality in Sula

Individuality in Sula Free Online Research Papers Individuals are often living a routine-based life, living their lives day to day without showing their true color because society represses individuality. In Sula, by Toni Morrison, Nel is also repressed as an individual and is never allowed to show to the Bottom community who she really is. She became an individual only when she was with Sula, her best friend. Through events such as facing bullies, the need for individuality, and the sex scandals, Sula is viewed as a negative force in the community, but she becomes a positive force in Nel’s life by helping her realize who she is and what she can become. Sula became a positive force in Nel’s life at a very young age. When they both were twelve years old, Nel was bullied by three Irish boys on her way home from school and since then, had started taking a longer path to go home. Sula, unable to see her scared friend not stand up to the bullies, decided to take the situation upon her. One day, Sula suggested going home from the shortest route and they were once again confronted by the bullies. When the boys started harassing them, Sula pulled out a knife and slate and cut off the end of her own finger. She said, â€Å"If I can do that to myself, what you suppose I’ll do to you?† (55). Sula took it upon herself to help her friend Nel through the crisis she was facing. This made Sula a positive force not only because she gained courage to do what was right and helped her friend, she also gave Nel the courage to stand up for herself. Although self-harm is portrayed negatively, Sula displayed it in a positive way. When Sula realized her need for individuality and freedom, she tried to bring Nel to realize the same thing: life is not about doing what society expects you to do; it’s about doing what you want to do. When she came back after ten years, she fought with Eva about her individuality. Sula said, â€Å"I don’t want to make nobody else. I want to make myself†¦ Whatever’s burning in me is mine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (92-93). From this statement, Sula makes it known that she is in fact her own individual, her own person. Nel realizes that after Sula’s return, every aspect of life is more valuable and enjoyable. She even states that Sula â€Å"never competed; she simply helped others define themselves† (95). From this statement, Nel regards Sula as a positive force in her life. Nel realized who she was and what she was to become with the help of her friend. Without her, Nel never would have found her true identity. Sex scandals are viewed negatively by the entire Bottom community, including Nel. Throughout the book, Sula is seen as a radical individual and this is evident when she sleeps with Nel’s husband, Jude. Although Nel realizes the deep bond she shares with Sula, she cannot bring herself to forgive the woman who slept with her husband. Nel sees that Sula only lives for herself, while Nel lives for her husband and children. She eventually broke away from Sula, saying that â€Å"greater than her friendship was this new feeling of being needed by someone who saw her singly† (84). Sula, hurt by this statement and trying one last time to rekindle individuality within Nel, had sex with Jude. Although Nel realized this many years after Sula had died, Sula was a positive force in her life when she slept with Jude because it opened her eyes to the fact that it was Nel that distanced herself from her friend. Even though what Sula did caused her much pain, it gave Nel the time to re alize what was most important in her life. How people see others is only a matter of their perspective. The residents of the Bottom saw Sula as a negative force in their lives because of the way she acted, such as committing adultery. But one person saw her as a positive force, her best friend Nel. In the end, even after she had lost her best friend, Sula continued to make a positive impact in Nel’s life. Morrison, Toni. Sula. New York: Plume, 1996. Print. Quote â€Å"Although it was she alone who saw this magic, she did not wonder at it. She knew it was all due to Sula’s return to the Bottom. It was like getting the use of an eye back, having a cataract removed. Her old friend had come home. Sula. Who made her laugh, who made her see old things with new eyes, in whose presence she felt clever, gentle a little raunchy. Sula, whose past she had lived through and with whom the present was a constant sharing of perceptions.† (Sula, 95) Research Papers on Individuality in SulaHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Spring and AutumnWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThree Concepts of PsychodynamicLifes What IfsAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

5 Faulty Not Only . . . But Also Sentences

5 Faulty Not Only . . . But Also Sentences 5 Faulty Not Only . . . But Also Sentences 5 Faulty Not Only . . . But Also Sentences By Mark Nichol Often, when a sentence expresses a point and a counterpoint with the phrases â€Å"not only† and â€Å"but also,† writers have difficulty constructing the sentence in the correct syntactical order. Each of the following sentences demonstrates various erroneous ways the â€Å"not only . . . but also† construction can be misused; discussions, followed by revisions, explain how to repair the damage. 1. Moving to the cloud had not only improved security but had also reduced the risks they faced prior to implementation. Had can be shared by both the â€Å"not only† phrase and the â€Å"but also† phrase: â€Å"Moving to the cloud had not only improved security but also reduced the risks they faced prior to implementation.† (If had is to be used twice, it should follow â€Å"not only† and, when repeated, should follow â€Å"but also†: â€Å"Moving to the cloud not only had improved security but also had reduced the risks they faced prior to implementation.†) 2. They were all spending Monday night in New Hampshire- not only to get a jump on the impending storm but also on their competitors. This sentence is incomplete; because â€Å"not only† precedes â€Å"to get a jump,† that phrase needs to be repeated after â€Å"but also.† Or, more simply, place the noun phrase before â€Å"not only† so it can be shared with â€Å"but also†: â€Å"They were all spending Monday night in New Hampshire- to get a jump not only on the impending storm but also on their competitors.† 3. The Broncos had not only lost the game, but they also lost their starting quarterback. Because lost refers to both the game and the starting quarterback, that verb should precede both â€Å"not only† and â€Å"but also,† which obviates the need for the pronoun they: â€Å"The Broncos had lost not only the game but also their starting quarterback.† 4. The bill authorizes private entities to not only monitor their own networks for cybersecurity threats but also to share threat information with other private entities and the federal government. The infinitive to precedes â€Å"not only,† so it applies to â€Å"but also† as well and does not need to be repeated after that phrase: â€Å"The bill authorizes private entities to not only monitor their own networks for cybersecurity threats but also share threat information with other private entities and the federal government.† 5. The Rockets had not only reshaped their own fortune but, as it turned out, that of the entire NBA. Because reshaped refers to both the team’s fortune and that of the entire league, it must precede both the point phrase and the counterpoint phrase: â€Å"The Rockets had reshaped not only their own fortune but also, as it turned out, that of the entire NBA.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Probable vs. PossibleIs "Number" Singular or Plural?

Marketing report with customer experience Essay

Marketing report with customer experience - Essay Example It is without exaggerations that I like the services of this bank and I am willing, at no cost, to advise anyone who needs banking services to use the bank of America, since other than your money is being safeguarded, the customer services are suburb. Moreover, it is true by their clarity statement that they are committed to providing information needed by the customer to help them managing their accounts. Notably, this bank is perfecting in building trust and loyalty to its customer; nonetheless, such friendly services are often expected from the banking institutions. My Experience with Hospitality Institution: Hilton Adventure is sometimes good for having a varied knowledge about the world around an individual. There are different types of hotels in the United States, those that are considered cheap and those that are known or regarded to be classy. Hilton offers national and international hotel services; thus, it is expected to be classy and vibrant in service delivery. Without in quiring about it, there is a day I decided to visit the Hilton hotel in Illinois. It is true that, that hostel is classy, but it should be noted that it is hotel for those who know how its services are being offered. Otherwise, any new explorer to that hotel will only feel comfortable if he or she is a dignitary. While I was in the hotel, it looked as if each man for himself and God for us all. Not even one waiter or waitress directed me where to go or inquired what I intended from there. I felt fully out of place and the best thing for that time was to redirect myself outside that premise. It was an experience, not good for a public place. I did not expect such treatment from a hotel with such an immense national and international reputation. Personal services: Serenity Day Spa Many people have written attractive reviews about the Serenity Day Spa as being one of the â€Å"you can afford not to go† massage place in New Jersey. Therefore, some weeks ago, I did set to that pla ce with some of my friends. I opted for the place since a family friend had given me some voucher for the same place. The place became worth visiting right from the entrance and the final word is that I had a marvelous experience. At the reception, we were greeted with a warm smiling and accommodating face that ushered us into the waiting room that was complete with snacks as well as a faux fireplace. After about five minutes, each of us was taken to the treatment or massage rooms that were nicely decorated with dim lights, gentle music, and heated beds. The lady who provided to massage me was well trained since I personally felt that she did her work perfectly. Just like my experience, my colleagues also appreciated the massage they were offered in their respective rooms; thus, it is worth concluding that the Serenity Day Spa is a place for real massage. Application of Customer Relationship Management Strategy in the above Scenarios Customer relationship management (CRM) is practic es that traditionally involve sales activities, customer care, marketing, and technical support. Some organizations especially that deal with different aspects of business often incorporate all the Customer relationship management (CRM) strategies in handling their customers in that they separate customers from the accounts receivable functions (Bligh and Turk, 2004). Additionally, the current approach of Customer relation

The Impact of Logistics and Supply Chain Integration on Maritime Research Proposal

The Impact of Logistics and Supply Chain Integration on Maritime Transportation - Research Proposal Example The oceanic containers make sure liveliness of consignments and several ports are bestowed to this expertise and as a result, strengthen their position as a key hub center. There have been a number of convergences of â€Å"Maritime Transportation† with Maritime Logistics, and which can be attributed to the objective integration of the modes of transport obsessed by the packaging and the growing needs of the end-users, which demands the use of logistics concepts (Edgerton, 2013, p. 25). To study and evaluate the contemporary technologies of integrated cargo transportation by sea and land, in combination with the port, maritime and ground transportation technologies, new communication and information technologies, shipment forwarding as well as warehousing techniques. These will be done according to the flows of commodities and shipment itinerary abiding with the basic principles of logistics of timeliness, security and competence, and keeping harmony with national and international maritime law. Demand for uninterrupted freight and â€Å"transportation† methods for the upcoming concept of â€Å"supply chain† and logistics integration is increasingly rapidly (Edgerton, 2013, p. 25). The unending problems of congestion faced by road transport and the limitation of the rail transport networks have resulted in a development of more effective integrated transporting solution. Supply chain integration stands for an assuring but complicated tool, which is still growing as a weapon in the global industry place. To maintain this maturation procedure, more supply chain research is required to expose the critical barriers of the integration procedure. â€Å"Maritime transportation† industry is a vital industry whose significance is being increasingly recognised in the global trading practices (Edgerton, 2013, p. 25). Carbone and DeMartino

The American West Essay Example for Free

The American West Essay The American West was a main focal point of the elections and American society during the Jacksonian period. It was an idea that stirred emotions and the imagination of Americans around the country, and in the end it would represent a period in American history of transition into a new era of politics. This period would see more changes in the American way of life than any other period because the very geography of the nation was changing, which in turn changed the political aspects of American society, particularly in regards to the idea of a relatively equal North, free states versus South, slave states. As America expanded into the west, with fewer and fewer American territories accepting slavery at their birth, the country was divided even more and would begin the process of disunion in many ways. The Jacksonian society was really the first time in American history that the west was opened widely to expansion, and many Americans were desperate to leave the overpopulated, over-hunted, and overly expensive cities and towns of the East. People sought a better life in the west, where land was free for the taking as long as you were willing to work for it. The lore of the west added to the interest in settling the new frontiers, and Jacksonian society would have found the tales of outlaws and Indians, free land and the adventures of the Oregon Trail as fascinating, fueling their imagination. To Northerners who were stuck in large, over-populated areas where land was hard to buy the west represented their ability to live their dreams. To the South, the west represented America’s ability to create more states that were agrarian based like themselves, and the possibility of more slave states to help give them power in the American government. During the period of American history that spanned 1820 through 1857 the issue of slave versus free states became increasingly important. Western expansion created the political opportunity to either create more free states, which would mean that slave states felt they could not get equal say in government, or more slave states, which the majority of Northerners were against because they despised the institution of slavery. It was a battle of the industrialized North versus the agrarian, slave labor based South. The issue of slavery had become a hot topic in American government. For many years the country had been divided pretty equally in terms of free versus slave states, but with the western territories beginning to grow, expand and seek statehood, the concept of allowing states to enter the Union as a slave state or a free one became increasingly important. The North did not feel any of these states should be allowed to enter the Union as slave states, because the majority of Northerners favored abolition or, at the very least, the ability to not allow slavery within their direct borders. The South did not want the western states to be allowed to enter as free states because it would unfairly balance the scales in favor of abolition. Talk of secession emerged partly because of the westward expansion that was so important of a movement during the Jacksonian period. In the end, American society and, in particular, Jacksonian society saw many changes that would eventually lead to the secession of the South from the Union and the American Civil War. These changes began primarily because of Westward expansion, a phenomenon that stemmed from factors happening in the Industrialized North, the agrarian South, and the over-population and lack of affordable land in the East in general. Disunion would be the eventual outcome, but it very much can trace its beginnings to the migration into the American West.

Of Mice And Men Essays -- essays research papers

Every day, people are faced with responsibility. Some thrive under the pressure while others crumble. Responsibility is a sign of independence. Teenagers with greater amounts of responsibility feel freedom from their parents. In the same case, too much responsibility can put more stress on that freedom-seeking teen and can have devastating effects. John Steinbeck shows the theme that in life, responsibility is best taken in moderation in his novel Of Mice and Men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Of Mice and Men, George shows the weight of responsibility on taking care of Lennie. George knows he could be better off without Lennie. â€Å"When I think of the swell time I could have without you, I go nuts,† George finally expresses. He even tells the other farm hands, â€Å"If I was alone, I could live so easy.† George often keeps his â€Å"single like† in the back of his mind. Even so, George stands up for Lennie many times. His advice is always in Lennie’s best interest. He watches out for Lennie when he keeps hold of Lennie’s work card and bus pass. George also knows that he and Lennie wouldn’t have jobs if he didn’t make Lennie keep quiet. Lennie cannot take care of himself without George. With George watching out for Lennie like he does, Lennie’s mishaps can also have detrimental effects on George’s life. George loses his job and his best friend because of his connection with George.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lennie also exemplifies the theme by the way he wants to and physically car...

Efeectiveness of Loyalty Programs in Big Bazaar

| 2011| | MARKETING OF SERVICES TERM PAPER PRADEEP KUMAR. N(M100002MS) | [EFFECTIVENESS OF LOYALTY PROGRAMS IN BIG BAZAAR]| | Contents page no 1. About the company 03 2. Significant features of big bazaar 04 3. Promotion techniques 04 4. Sales Promotion techniques 05 5. Loyalty programs 06 6. Customer experience 08 7. Research objective 09 8. Research methodology 09 9. Hypothesis and testing 10 10. Sampling plan 10 11. Findings 11 12. Conclusion 12 ABOUT THE COMPANY Big Bazaar is a chain of hypermarket in India. Currently, there are 210 stores across 80 cities and towns in India. Big Bazaar is designed as an agglomeration of bazaars or Indian markets with clusters offering a wide range of merchandise including fashion and apparels, food products, general merchandise, furniture, electronics, books, fast food and leisure and entertainment sections. Big Bazaar is part of Future Group, which also owns the Central Hypermarket, and is owned through a wholly owned subsidiary of Pantaloon Retail India Limited that is listed on Indian stock exchanges. Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited, is India’s leading retailer that operates multiple retail formats in both the value and lifestyle segment of the Indian consumer market. Headquartered in Mumbai (Bombay), the company operates over 10 million square feet of retail space, has over 1000 stores across 61 cities in India and employs over 30,000 people. The company’s leading formats include Pantaloons, a chain of fashion outlets, Big Bazaar, a uniquely Indian hypermarket chain, Food Bazaar, a supermarket chain, blends the look, touch and feel of Indian bazaars with aspects of modern retail like choice, convenience and quality and Central, a chain of seamless destination malls. Some of its other formats include, Depot,Shoe Factory, Brand Factory, Blue Sky, Fashion Station, aLL, Top 10, mBazaar and Star and Sitara. The company also operates an online portal, futurebazaar. com. A subsidiary company, Home Solutions Retail (India) Limited, operates Home Town, a large-format home solutions store, Collection i, selling home furniture products and E-Zone focused on catering to the consumer electronics segment. Pantaloon Retail was recently awarded the International Retailer of the Year by the US based National Retail Federation (NRF) and the Emerging Market Retailer of the Year 2007 at the World Retail Congress held in Barcelona. Pantaloon Retail is the flagship company of Future Group, a business group catering to the entire Indian consumption space. Pantaloon is not just an organization – it is an institution, a centre of learning & development. Over the years, the company has accelerated growth through its ability to lead change. A number of its pioneering concepts have now emerged as industry standards. For instance, the company integrated backwards into garment manufacturing even as it expanded its retail presence at the front end, well before any other Indian retail company attempted this. It was the first to introduce the concept of the retail departmental store for the entire family through Pantaloons in 1997. The company was the first to launch a hypermarket in India with Big Bazaar, a large discount store that it commissioned in Kolkata in October 2001. And the company introduced the country to the Food Bazaar, a unique ‘bazaar' within a hypermarket, which was launched in July 2002 in Mumbai. Embracing our leadership value, the company launched aLL in July 2005 in Mumbai, making us the first retailer in India to open a fashion store for plus size men and women. STRIKING FEATURES OF BIG BAZAAR * Food bazaar. Electronic bazaar. * Furniture bazaar. * FutureBazaar. com * Amusement zone. * Telecalling services PROMOTION TECHNIQUES * Big Bazaar – Isse sasta aur accha kahin nahi :- Big Bazaar has adopted value pricing in which they win loyal customers by charging a fairly low price for a high – quality offering. * Wednesday Bazaar – Hafte ka sabse sasta din :- In January 2007, Big Bazaar introduced a Wednesday Bazaar concept called â€Å"Hafte Ka Sabse Sasta Din† with the aim to give homemakers the power to save the most on this day of the week. Sabse Saste Teen Din (Big days) :- In 2006 they started a new shopping festival, i. e. Sabse Saste Teen Din on 24, 25 and 26th of January. Big bazaar throwed up to 65% of on each & every products in the store for three days. * Big Bazaar announced The Great Exchange Offer with a â€Å"Bring anything old and take anything new† concept which started from the 16th of Feb 2008 at the Landmark store. SALES PROMOTION TECHNIQUES The various promotional schemes undertaken by big bazaar are as follows: * The punch line of Big Bazaar says â€Å"IS SE SASTA AUR ACCHA KAHI NAHI†. This line gives the feeling that Big Bazaar gives merchandise which is cheapest in the market or in other words the value for money which a customer will be getting here will be more than anywhere else. * Wednesday is the cheapest day. This is done to divert some of the crowd coming on weekends to a relatively free day. Big bazaar advertises Wednesdays as the cheapest day in all the leading dailies across the capital. This offer targets housewives and encourages them to purchase groceries and vegetables because no one purchases vegetables on a weekly basis, they purchase it at least two times a week. * Big Bazaar has announced a unique exchange offer `Bring anything old and take anything new’. Under the exchange offer, old garments, utensils, furniture, plastic ware, newspapers or just about anything will be weighed and valued and customers will be given exchange coupons. There is also a direct exchange on mobile and electronic goods during the period with attractive discounts on new purchases. * Big Bazaar’s `The Great Exchange Offer’ has mobilized more than two lakh families to actually carry the junk of the house and offload it at the nearest Big Bazaar. Retail analysts say that generally February and March are dull months for consumer buying in the country and therefore this kind of a promotion campaign is needed to boost sales during the period. PANTALOON group’s hypermarkett chain, Big Bazaar, celebrated Republic Day as the Maha Savings Day, when shoppers at Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar outlets across the country, were offered merchandise at rock bottom prices. * The Maha Savings Day saw shoppers got deals they have never seen or heard before. The offers spread across categories from electronics to utensils, from apparel to furniture and also food. For example pressure cooker for Rs 299, two Ruf n Tuf Jeans for Rs 499, and a M otorola C115 for Rs 1,399. Big Bazaar usually runs a full page advertisement on Saturdays and Sundays in all the leading dailies communicating various offers. This is done to attract crowds on weekends because most of the people usually shop during weekends. * Pantaloons retail India limited provides Green card, this Green Card is passport to a whole new world of exclusive benefits and privileges. These includes: * Instant discounts for every time you shop at Pantaloons. * Exclusive shopping days to get hold of latest merchandise. Regular updates on collections and promos via catalogues, sms and email. * Special invites to the most happening events. * Extended exchange periods and complimentary drops for alterations. * Exclusive billing counters and much more. * Big bazaar in association with ICICI banks has launched loyalty cards for the customers. They are: * ICICI Bank Big Bazaar Silver Credit Card : It gives you the benefits of regular cards and additional features to make your shopping not only enjoyable but also a way to save more with Big Bazaar. ICICI Bank Big Bazaar Gold Credit Card :The card brings to you more reasons to save and earn rewards on its usage. It gives you all the benefits of regular cards and additional features to make your shopping not only enjoyable but also a way to save more with Big Bazaar. * Shakti Card Shakti is a credit card for housewives. You need not submit income proof. Simply show your Big Bazaar bill of more than Rs. 500 and a lifestyle proof like club membership card, health club card etc. And get your ‘Shakti’. You can use Shakti at all the Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar outlets * T24 In June 2010, Future Group in partnership with TTSL rolled out a mobile service called T24 for its customers. As part of the offer, customers were rewarded with free talk time for every purchase above Rs. 500 made at Future Group shopping outlets across all formats and locations. LOYALTY PROGRAMS * Big bazaar in association with ICICI banks has launched loyalty cards for the customers. They are: * ICICI Bank Big Bazaar Silver Credit Card : It gives you the benefits of regular cards and additional features to make your shopping not only enjoyable but also a way to save more with Big Bazaar. * ICICI Bank Big Bazaar Gold Credit Card :The card brings to you more reasons to save and earn rewards on its usage. It gives you all the benefits of regular cards and additional features to make your shopping not only enjoyable but also a way to save more with Big Bazaar. * Shakti Card Shakti is a credit card for housewives. You need not submit income proof. Simply show your Big Bazaar bill of more than Rs. 500 and a lifestyle proof like club membership card, health club card etc. And get your ‘Shakti’. You can use Shakti at all the Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar outlets * T24 In June 2010, Future Group in partnership with TTSL rolled out a mobile service called T24 for its customers. As part of the offer, customers were rewarded with free talk time for every purchase above Rs. 500 made at Future Group shopping outlets across all formats and locations. CUSTOMERS EXPERIENCE The customer experience among the big bazaar customers is comprised of the following Components: POPULATING THE CUSTOMER PROFILE: To create the Ideal Customer Experience, Big Bazaar populates the Customer Profile with the relevant information . the customers who are having very similar buying patterns in the big bazaar are populated and an analysis is done so as to find the preferences of the products of these groups, including various promotion strategies and offers. DELIVERING AND RECEIVING VALUE AT EACH CUSTOMER INTERACTION: Big Bazaar views each interaction as a golden opportunity to deliver value through its products, services, and processes, as well as to receive valuable information from the Customer in the form of feedback. CUSTOMIZING THE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE: By understanding an individual’s needs, it creates the Ideal Customer Experience by Customizing the products, services, and processes to meet the Needs of the individual customer RESEARCH OBJECTIVE * The objective of the research is to find the effectiveness of loyalty programs in BIG BAZAAR ,i. e whether loyalty programs attract customer attention or not in todays competetive scenario . * To find out the increase in customer loyalty by measuring various factors. * To find out customer’s reactions to various loyalty programs and change in their purchase decision due to these programs. To analyze customer’s expectations from retail format like convenience store in terms of offering of loyalty programs. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research problems:- consumer’s reactions and expectation from loyalty programs of convenience store format, Big Bazaar. †¢ Research methodology: Exploratory method †¢ Descriptive research: is a type of research conducted when we have to find out the frequency with which Something occurs. This research is guided by initial hypothesis. HYPOTHESIS AND TESTING Hypothesis testing for this report has evolved around formulating a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis as regards to the percentage of population availing the loyalty programs H(o) Null Hypothesis :Mostly 70% of the population would be Availing the loyalty programs carried out by Big bazaar. H(T) Alternative Hypothesis:- Less than 70% of the population Would be availing the loyalty programs carried out by Big Bazaar. At 5% level of significance I tested the above mentioned hypothesis as per the results obtained. The Chi-Square test has been taken up as the selection criteria for the above mentioned data. The Chi-Square test which shows the magnitude of discrepancy between observed and expected frequency can be expressed symbolically as X2= Summation of (O-E)2 E Where, O= Observed set of frequencies E= Expected set of frequencies SAMPLING PLAN I selected a sample size of 51 ,I gave a questionnaire and interviewed the samples in the OLD MADRAS BIG BAZAAR in BANGALORE Questionnaire Sample Methods| Random Simple Sampling| Sample size| 51| Primary data| Questionnaire| Interview Sample Units| sampling unit is Noida area. | Source of data| through primary sources| Market survey & area| | Sampling size| 51| FINDINGS * Big Bazaar has been preferred by most of the Households frequently and they use to purchase daily Requirement material from there. While still 15% of People don’t prefer to buy daily requirement items from Organized formats. The data predicts that customers at nearby locations of Big Bazaar prefer to go to there often but it is not a destination for customers every time. * 35% go there oftenly * 30% go there occasionally * 15% go everytime * 20% people go there sometimes * The ratio of customers using loyalty programs floats between 60%-62%. Educated people are giving more Attention to the loyalty card due to the awareness of its future benefits monetarily as well as in getting right information of the production. Most of the custo mers feel satisfied from the loyalty program offerings of Big Bazaar so it has been successful in fulfilling customer’s expectations. While 25% of customers still want to get some more benefits in return of their loyalty to the store. * Customers feel 55% motivated to shop from Big Bazaar due to their loyalty programs. Conclusion In my calculations: The calculated value of is more than the table value. So, the hypothesis is REJECTED i. e. less than 70% of the population is only availing the loyalty program carried out by Big Bazaar. There are maximum customers who are satisfied with the merchandising of the store and they find every product of brand in each category and shelf according to their choices. They are having some complains regarding the future cards. * Customers wait for discount loyalties provided by them but not too much. * Customers are not aware of the benefits of the card. * Many of the customers are not even using any of the loyalty Program. * Store has been a big flop at online shopping centre as people want to touch and select their items before purchase

History of the game Essay

As the rackets of the game have changed, the style of play has changed accordingly. During the wooden racket era, before the flood of the metal and metal composite rackets, players hit groundstrokes with slight topspin but mostly flat or with underspin, particularly on the backhand side. To provide the players with the underspin or flat shots, players hit with an eastern grip (slightly east of the continental style grip achieved by sliding the â€Å"V† area between the thumb and index finger down the side of the frame to the grip) to help generate slice and handle low balls better. Players used this style of play to compensate for the lower bounce produced on grass courts compared to the bounce of hard and clay courts today. In effect, groundstrokes had to be long and fluid with early preparation and a long follow through to get the necessary power and control by swinging the heavier wooden rackets.  Players with wooden rackets also stood sideways to the ball and stepped into the swing to generate more power. Furthermore, the small sweetspot of the wooden racket required players to have more exact, controlled swings instead of the quick, powerful, whip-like swings of today’s players. As an example, John McEnroe, a former tennis professional and Grand Slam winner, supports wooden rackets saying: I have been a proponent of the wood racket†¦wood rackets would bring back skill and finesse to the game and would make the points longer and more fun to watch. And I could watch all those young guys cry like that little baby doll that wets herself as they try to return a serve with a 15-ounce piece of lumber. (McEnroe 1).  As a result, players could not end the point with a single shot like today and therefore games consisted of more rallies. The rackets and styles of play have evolved to the 21st Century and have dramatically changed the way tennis is played. Instead of the long and fluid groundstrokes used with wooden rackets, lighter more powerful rackets have developed quick, short but powerful swings by tennis players today. The players also use a more western or semi-western grip (achieved by placing the racket on the ground and coming from straight above, picking the racket up with one hand). These grips tend to generate more power and topspin as well make it easier to hit high bouncing balls. This heavy topspin usually causes points to end more quickly with more winners and harder shots. These changes in the game are all in relation to the development of higher bouncing courts, hard courts and clay courts, and the shorter grass court tournament season. Also, as a result to the more powerful modern rackets, serves were consistently hit over 100 mph and many clocked at more than 120 mph contributing to the quicker points. Furthermore, many serves were unreturnable meaning that it would be almost impossible for players to return or even more to hit the ball with the racket. The change in rackets in the 20th Century was not only limited to a change in the game but the tennis market was affected as well. According to Edward Tenner, the new rackets were not as profitable for racket manufacturers as the wooden rackets were during the peak in tennis popularity in the early 1970’s (Tenner 3). However, shortly following this rapid growth in tennis popularity, tennis’s popularity among the common people started to decline. According to the records of the Tennis Industry Association, two years before the introduction of the Prince racket in 1974, the number of tennis players reached its peak and then started a decline (Tenner 1). Later, the sale of tennis balls was evaluated and showed a drop in tennis ball usage between 1990 and 1993 (Tenner 3). A short explanation of this event could be that players were not ready to pay the higher price for newer metal rackets. The modern rackets, costing about $150, were much more expensive compared to the lower price of wooden rackets in the early 1970s. However, the introduction of the modern rackets produced a larger selection of varying rackets for tennis consumers shown in the following excerpt from Tennis Magazine, â€Å"To play your best tennis, your racket has to complement your game. And with more frames than ever being designed for specific types of players, finding that magic wand has never been easier.† (2001 Racket Guide 1) In addition, modern rackets are designed for all different types of players including strictly baseliners to serve and volleyers. Mark Macky, Dunlop’s director of racket sports, shows this in the following statement, â€Å"It’s no longer enough to make a racket for one ability level – beginner, intermediate, advanced. Today, companies make rackets that are targeted to specific styles of play. A serve and volleyer, for example, will want a different type of racket than a baseliner.† (2001 Racket Guide 1) Although while racket manufacturers may have suffered from the introduction of modern rackets, consumers seem to benefit. According to â€Å"New York Times† newspaper, the new metal rackets prove to last longer and need restringing less often saving consumers money (Tenner 3). Furthermore, metal rackets can last up to ten years or more contrary to the wooden rackets that were damaged by age, warping, and cracking.  In conclusion, although many tennis professionals believe that wooden rackets would increase the charisma of tennis, there is undeniable evidence that proves modern rackets to be better for the game and all levels of players. Newer rackets provide more options for tennis players, giving them more power and control than ever before therefore elevating the level of play in the game of tennis. They also appeal to lower levels of players making the game easier to learn and in effect, better for everyone. In addition, although the market seemed to be falling, it is currently rising for the game of tennis and showing this, the U.S. Open has had more viewers in the year of 2001 than ever before in the history of the game.

What You Need to Know About the SAT Chemistry Subject Test

What You Need to Know About the SAT Chemistry Subject Test The SAT Chemistry Test or SAT Chemistry Subject Test is an optional single-subject test that you can take to showcase your understanding of chemistry. You might choose to take this test if you are applying to college to study science or engineering. The test is intended to help you with the college admission process. SAT Chemistry Test Basics Here are some important facts about the SAT Chemistry Subject Test: 60 minutes (one hour) long.85 multiple choice questions.Offered Oct, Nov, Dec, Jan, May, Jun.A calculator is not permitted.The periodic table is provided.All units are metric.Only simple numerical calculations are required.Scoring is from 200-800. You do not need to get all of the questions correct to get a perfect score. It is expected that students will not have been exposed to every subject covered on the test. Recommended Preparation for the SAT Chemistry Test year of algebrayear of general chemistry, college-prep level or highersome lab experience Topics Covered by the SAT Chemistry Test The percentages given here are approximate. Structure of Matter (25%)States of Matter (16%)Types of Reactions (14%)Stoichiometry (14%)Descriptive Chemistry (12%)Laboratory (8%)Thermochemistry (6%)Equilibrium and Rates of Reactions (5%) This is not a memorization-type test. While students are expected to have an understanding of the fundamental concepts of chemistry, most of the test will involve organizing and interpreting information. With respect to the types of skills that will be needed to succeed with the SAT Chemistry Test, you can expect: 45% application of knowledge35% synthesis of knowledge20% fundamental knowledge and concepts

Using Repetition to Produce Parallel Structure

Using Repetition to Produce Parallel Structure Using Repetition to Produce Parallel Structure Using Repetition to Produce Parallel Structure By Mark Nichol Sentences that fail to observe a sound grammatical structure sometimes do so because a key word or phrase is not repeated (or balanced with a similar word or phrase) as part of an element equivalent to a previous element in the sentence. Each of the sentences below is missing a repeated word or phrase; the discussions that follow the examples explain what is lacking and the revisions demonstrate how to resolve the issues. 1. Measurements should align to business objectives and demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship when possible. The writer assumes that the phrase beginning with demonstrate can share should with the one beginning with align, but the sentence can easily be misread as stating that measurements merely should align to business objectives but do in fact demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship. To clarify that should applies to both phrases, the qualifier should be repeated: â€Å"Measurements should align to business objectives and should demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship when possible.† 2. This action can affect companies that rely on suppliers in that country to make their products as well as the country’s consumers to buy those products. The phrase â€Å"make their products as well as† implies that a comparison is being made, rather than that â€Å"as well as† is serving as a conjunctive phrase. Also, the distance between the phrase beginning with suppliers and the one beginning with â€Å"the country’s consumers† obscures their parallel functions. To clarify the intent of the sentence, repeat the key verb phrase: â€Å"This action can affect companies that rely on suppliers in that country to make their products as well as rely on the country’s consumers to buy those products.† (Alternatively use a synonym for rely such as count instead of repeating it.) 3. These reforms have now led to significant adjustments to how short-term credit is provided and the demise of a number of firms operating in this space. The phrase â€Å"the demise of a number of firms operating in this space† seems abruptly tacked on to this sentence. To clarify that the phrase is parallel to â€Å"significant adjustments to how short-term credit is provided,† it could be preceded by to, but the reader might mistake it as equivalent to â€Å"how short-term credit is provided† because that phrase also follows an instance of to. Better yet, launch the last part of the sentence with a more thorough linking phrase: â€Å"These reforms have now led to significant adjustments to how short-term credit is provided and has resulted in the demise of a number of firms operating in this space.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†What's a Male Mistress?The Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Legal Aspects of Human Resource Management Essay

Legal Aspects of Human Resource Management - Essay Example t is of indefinite duration, the employer can terminate the employee for good cause, bad cause, or no cause at all.† However, even the ‘at will’ employees are entitled to a number of legal protections against unlawful discrimination with regard to the termination of an employee. These are known as exceptions of the at-will employment. While discussing the exceptions of at-will employment recognized by the United States, there are three major types of exceptions commonly found in the states. First of all, there are public policy exceptions to employment at will through which the termination of an employee is considered wrongful if it violates the well-established public policies of the state. For instance, an employer cannot terminate an employee if the latter refuses to break the law at the request of the employer. Public policy exceptions are the most widely exceptions that are recognized in most of the states in the US. Then there are implied contract exceptions where the employer cannot terminate the employee if an implied contract is formed between the two even without a written instrument. In case the employer terminates an employee in violation of an implied employment contract, then possibilities are that the employer will be found liable for breach of contract. It is important to note that implied employment contracts can be created by the employer’s oral or written assurances regarding job tenure or disciplinary procedures. However, it is often found that the fired employee has to bear the burden of proof. The third type of exceptions are the covenant of good faith and fair dealing exceptions. Under this exception, an employer cannot terminate the employee in bad faith or motivated by any personal hatred. Courts that recognize such exceptions are found to have recognized two types of contracts - a) covenants implied in fact and b) covenants implied in law. For example, covenants implied in fact include repeated promotions and pay increases